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Chad
Quick Overview:
Chad is a developing country in north central Africa with one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. Chad faces challenges in the areas of political stability and economic development. Following Chadian independence in 1960, the intervening years of war, drought and famine severely damaged the country?s institutions and its infrastructure. Facilities for tourism are limited. A valid passport and visa are required. Evidence of yellow fever vaccination may also be required. Visitors must check in with the National Police and obtain a registration stamp within 72 hours of arrival. Further entry information may be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Chad, 2002 R St. N.W., Washington D.C. 20009, telephone 202-462-4009. Overseas inquiries should be made at the nearest Chadian Embassy or Consulate. U.S. citizens living in or visiting Chad are urged to register at the U.S. Embassy immediately upon arrival.
Geography:
From the 8th to the 11th century, North African Berbers controlled trans-Saharan commerce in the area. The Arabs then gained control of trade and gradually gained political control and converted local Africans to Islam. In the 18th century the Ottoman Empire claimed Chad. Later when European powers split up control of Africa, France gained control of Chad. In 1910 Chad was made part of French Equatorial Africa, and in 1946 it became a French overseas territory. Chad gained its independence in 1960. Civil war broke out in the mid-1960s when two guerrilla groups struggled to overthrow the government and create closer ties with Arab North Africa. In the late 1970s Libya lent its support to one of these groups and attempted to annex part of Chad. Foreign intervention halted Libyan expansion and contained the civil war in Chad, but conflict with Libya continued until 1988, when diplomatic relations between the two countries were restored. In 1990 Gen. Idriss Deby overthrew President Hissen Habré, suspended the constitution, and dissolved the legislature. Since coming to power in late 1990, President Déby has successfully managed a difficult transition to political reconciliation, peace and democracy.
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